Illegal Interview Questions

Age? Date of Birth?

Age based inquiries should be avoided because state law prohibits discrimination against persons age 40 and older. An age inquiry may be made to ensure a person is “old enough” to work for the job being filled, or if the job is among the few where age discrimination is permitted such as physically dangerous or hazardous work or driving a school bus.

Example of Illegal Questions

Possible Legal Alternatives

How old are you? When is your birthday? In what year were you born? In what year did you graduate from college/high school?

Are you over the age of 18? Can you, after employment, provide proof of age?

Marital/ Family Status (often alludes to sexual orientation)

The purpose of these “family” inquiries is to explore what some employers believe is a common source of absenteeism and tardiness. Typically, these questions are asked only of women making the inquiry clearly unlawful. However, even if such inquiries are made of both men and women, the questions may still be suspect. Such information has been used to discriminate against women because of society’s general presumption that they are the primary care givers. If the employer’s concern is regular work attendance, a better question would be, “Is there anything that would interfere with regular attendance at work?”

Example of Illegal Questions

Possible Legal Alternatives

Are you married or do you have a permanent partner? With whom do you live? How many children do you have? Are you pregnant? Do you expect to become have a family? When? How many children will you have? What are your child care arrangements?

Would you be willing to relocate if necessary? Travel is an important part of the job. Do you have any restrictions on your ability to travel? Do you have responsibilities or commitments that will prevent you from meeting specified work schedules? Do you anticipate any absences from work on a regular basis? If so, please explain the circumstances.

Personal

Minimum height and weight requirements are unlawful if they screen out a disproportionate number of women or minorities. Unless the employer can show that a height or weight requirement is essential for job performance, such inquiries should be avoided.

Example of Illegal Questions

Possible Legal Alternatives

How tall are you? How much do you weigh? (Questions about height and weight are always illegal unless it can be proven that there are minimum requirements to do the job.)

Are you able to lift a 50-pound weight and carry it 100 yards, as that is part of the job?

Disabilities

Inquiries about a person’s disability, health or worker’s compensation histories are unlawful if they imply or express a limitation based on disability. Under the federal Americans with Disabilities Act, any inquiry at the pre-employment stage, which would likely require an applicant to disclose a disability, is unlawful. Employers must avoid such inquiries or medical examinations before making a bona fide job offer.

However, an employer may inquire about an applicant’s ability to perform certain job functions and, within certain limits, may conduct tests of all applicants to determine if they can perform essential job functions, with or without an accommodation.

Example of Illegal Questions

Possible Legal Alternatives

Do you have any disabilities? Have you had any recent illness or operations? Please complete this medical questionnaire. What was the date of your last physical exam? How's your family's health? When did you lose your eyesight/ leg/ hearing/ etc.?

Are you able to perform the essential functions of this job with or without reasonable accommodations? (Legal if the interviewer thoroughly described the job.) Will you be able to carry out in a safe manner all job assignments necessary for this position? Are you able to lift a 50-pound weight and carry it 100 yards, as that is part of the job? NB: Medical exams are legal AFTER an offer has been extended; results should be held strictly confidential except for reasons of safety.

National Origin/ Citizenship

Inquiries about a person’s citizenship or country of birth are unlawful and imply discrimination on the basis of national origin. A lawfully immigrated alien may not be discriminated against on the basis of citizenship. The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 require employers to verify the legal status and right to work of all new hires. Employers should not ask applicants to state their national origin, but should ask if they have a legal right to work in America, and explain that verification of that right must be submitted after the decision to hire has been made. To satisfy verification requirements, employers should ask all new hires for documents establishing both identity and work authorization.

Example of Illegal Questions

Possible Legal Alternatives

Where were you/your parents born? What is your native language? What is your country of citizenship? Are you a US citizen?

Do you have any language abilities that would be helpful in doing this job? (Legal if language ability is directly relevant to job performance.) Are you authorized to work in the United States?

Arrest Record

There are laws that prohibits inquiries about past arrest records but permits consideration of a current arrest. If an applicant is under arrest for an offense that is substantially related to the job, an employer may suspend judgment until the case is resolved, advises the applicant to reapply when the charge is resolved, or refuse to employ the applicant. A current employee who is arrested may be suspended if the charge is substantially related to the job.

An employer may not refuse to employ or discharge a person with a conviction record unless the circumstances of the conviction substantially relate to the circumstances of the job. If an inquiry about convictions is made, the employer should add a clarifier, “A conviction will not necessarily disqualify you from employment. It will be considered only as it may relate to the job you are seeking”. Anyone who evaluates conviction record information should be knowledgeable about how such data may be used.

Example of Illegal Questions

Possible Legal Alternatives

Have you ever been arrested?

Have you ever been convicted of ____ crime? (Legal if the crime is reasonably relevant to the job; e.g. embezzlement for a banking job.)

Military Service

It is unlawful to discriminate against someone because of membership in the National Guard, a state defense force or another state or Federal Reserve unit. Questions relevant to experience or training received in the military or to determine eligibility for any veteran’s preference required by law are acceptable.

Example of Illegal Questions

Possible Legal Alternatives

What type of discharge did you receive?

In what branch of the Armed Forces did you serve? What type of training or education did you receive in the military?

Affiliations

Example of Illegal Questions

Possible Legal Alternatives

What clubs or social organizations do you belong to? Do you go to church?

List any professional or trade groups or other organizations that you belong to that you consider relevant to your ability to perform this job.

Race/Color/Religion

This question may discourage an applicant whose religion prohibits Saturday or Sunday work. If a question about weekend work is asked, the employer should indicate that a reasonable effort is made to accommodate religious beliefs or practices. An employ-er not required to make an accommodation if doing so would create an undue hardship on the business.

Example of Illegal Questions

Possible Legal Alternatives

All questions are illegal.

Are you available for work on saturday and Sunday?

Types of Questions

Open questions-" Tell us a little about…….."	Keep in mind the selection criteria and your strengths.
Closed questions - Asked when the interviewer wants specific information, often factual or technical in nature, these questions can frequently be answered with a “yes” or “no”	Ask for clarification and elaboration of past experiences. Require you to demonstrate your technical knowledge in some area
Hypothetical questions-What would you do if…	These will assess your ability to think on your feet.
Leading questions- The answer seems logical…	As a grower representative you will require good communication skills - do you have good skills in this area? Do not give a yes/no answer. Give examples to support your response.
Multi-barrelled - two or more questions linked to the same topic	Don't be afraid to ask to have the question repeated if you can't recall the full question.
Behavioural questions - uses your past experiences to predict future behaviours	Prepare examples of how your experiences have allowed you to develop specific skills and how these could benefit the employer. STAR: Situation, Tasks, Action, Result

The ‘STAR’ Approach for Answering a Question

S: Situation – describe the situation
T: Task or problem – what dilemma or problem did you face?
A: Action – what action did you take?
R: Result – what was the result of your action?

Job Specific Questions

Can you do the job?

Do you have the knowledge sets, skill sets and personal attributes to allow you to do the job?

Types of questions could include:

What parts of your education do you see as relevant to this position?
What prompted you to study…..?
Tell me about a time when you had to communicate information to a group of people.
Tell me about a significant achievement in your life.
Tell me about a time where you had to work towards a deadline. Did you meet it? If not, what would you do differently next time?

Do you want the job?

Do you want to work in this position/organisation? Are you willing to learn? Are you ambitious and keen to succeed?

Types of questions could include:

Why do you want to work for us?
What do you know about our company/practice/business?
What are your short term/long term goals?
Where do you see yourself in five years time?
Describe a time where you set yourself a challenging goal? What happened? What would you do differently?

Will you fit in?

The interviewer wants to determine if you will be a good team player, someone who will be absorbed into the organisation without disruption to the existing team dynamics.

Types of questions could include:

Describe a time where you had to work with a group of people to achieve a common goal?
Can you give me an example of working as part of a team. What was your contribution to the team and what was the outcome of this exercise?
What would you do if…………………?

Best fit between applicant and job?

What makes you the best applicant for this position? Why should the employer take you over other applicants?

Types of questions could include:

Why do you think you are the best person for the job?
What are your strengths and weaknesses?
Can you give me five words that best describe you?
What skills and qualities can you bring to this position?

Is there anything you would like to add?

This is an opportunity to bring particular skills or qualities to the attention of the interviewer. Have you stated your major selling points?
Were you unhappy about a particular answer during the interview? This is an opportunity to address that.
Why are you the best person for the job? Tell the interviewer!

Is there anything you would like to ask us?

This is your opportunity to find out more about the job, the company, and the industry.
You could ask questions like:
What are the career prospects within your company?
What staff training and development opportunities are available?
Who would I be reporting to?
Where would I be located?
Avoid asking too many questions about salary and conditions of employment such as holidays but know what salary range you are prepared to accept.

C# Interview Questions

1. What’s the implicit name of the parameter that gets passed into the class’ set method? Value, and its datatype depends on whatever variable we’re changing.
2. How do you inherit from a class in C#? Place a colon and then the name of the base class. Notice that it’s double colon in C++.
3. Does C# support multiple inheritance? No, use interfaces instead.
4. When you inherit a protected class-level variable, who is it available to? Classes in the same namespace.
5. Are private class-level variables inherited? Yes, but they are not accessible, so looking at it you can honestly say that they are not inherited. But they are.
6. Describe the accessibility modifier protected internal. It’s available to derived classes and classes within the same Assembly (and naturally from the base class it’s declared in).
7. C# provides a default constructor for me. I write a constructor that takes a string as a parameter, but want to keep the no parameter one. How many constructors should I write? Two. Once you write at least one constructor, C# cancels the freebie constructor, and now you have to write one yourself, even if there’s no implementation in it.
8. What’s the top .NET class that everything is derived from? System.Object.
9. How’s method overriding different from overloading? When overriding, you change the method behavior for a derived class. Overloading simply involves having a method with the same name within the class.
10. What does the keyword virtual mean in the method definition? The method can be over-ridden.
11. Can you declare the override method static while the original method is non-static? No, you can’t, the signature of the virtual method must remain the same, only the keyword virtual is changed to keyword override.
12. Can you override private virtual methods? No, moreover, you cannot access private methods in inherited classes, have to be protected in the base class to allow any sort of access.
13. Can you prevent your class from being inherited and becoming a base class for some other classes? Yes, that’s what keyword sealed in the class definition is for. The developer trying to derive from your class will get a message: cannot inherit from Sealed class WhateverBaseClassName. It’s the same concept as final class in Java.
14. Can you allow class to be inherited, but prevent the method from being over-ridden? Yes, just leave the class public and make the method sealed.
15. What’s an abstract class? A class that cannot be instantiated. A concept in C++ known as pure virtual method. A class that must be inherited and have the methods over-ridden. Essentially, it’s a blueprint for a class without any implementation.
16. When do you absolutely have to declare a class as abstract (as opposed to free-willed educated choice or decision based on UML diagram)? When at least one of the methods in the class is abstract. When the class itself is inherited from an abstract class, but not all base abstract methods have been over-ridden.
17. What’s an interface class? It’s an abstract class with public abstract methods all of which must be implemented in the inherited classes.
18. Why can’t you specify the accessibility modifier for methods inside the interface? They all must be public. Therefore, to prevent you from getting the false impression that you have any freedom of choice, you are not allowed to specify any accessibility, it’s public by default.
19. Can you inherit multiple interfaces? Yes, why not.
20. And if they have conflicting method names? It’s up to you to implement the method inside your own class, so implementation is left entirely up to you. This might cause a problem on a higher-level scale if similarly named methods from different interfaces expect different data, but as far as compiler cares you’re okay.
21. What’s the difference between an interface and abstract class? In the interface all methods must be abstract; in the abstract class some methods can be concrete. In the interface no accessibility modifiers are allowed, which is ok in abstract classes.
22. How can you overload a method? Different parameter data types, different number of parameters, different order of parameters.
23. If a base class has a bunch of overloaded constructors, and an inherited class has another bunch of overloaded constructors, can you enforce a call from an inherited constructor to an arbitrary base constructor? Yes, just place a colon, and then keyword base (parameter list to invoke the appropriate constructor) in the overloaded constructor definition inside the inherited class.
24. What’s the difference between System.String and System.StringBuilder classes? System.String is immutable; System.StringBuilder was designed with the purpose of having a mutable string where a variety of operations can be performed.
25. What’s the advantage of using System.Text.StringBuilder over System.String? StringBuilder is more efficient in the cases, where a lot of manipulation is done to the text. Strings are immutable, so each time it’s being operated on, a new instance is created.
26. Can you store multiple data types in System.Array? No.
27. What’s the difference between the System.Array.CopyTo() and System.Array.Clone()? The first one performs a deep copy of the array, the second one is shallow.
28. How can you sort the elements of the array in descending order? By calling Sort() and then Reverse() methods.
29. What’s the .NET datatype that allows the retrieval of data by a unique key? HashTable.
30. What’s class SortedList underneath? A sorted HashTable.
31. Will finally block get executed if the exception had not occurred? Yes.
32. What’s the C# equivalent of C++ catch (…), which was a catch-all statement for any possible exception? A catch block that catches the exception of type System.Exception. You can also omit the parameter data type in this case and just write catch {}.
33. Can multiple catch blocks be executed? No, once the proper catch code fires off, the control is transferred to the finally block (if there are any), and then whatever follows the finally block.
34. Why is it a bad idea to throw your own exceptions? Well, if at that point you know that an error has occurred, then why not write the proper code to handle that error instead of passing a new Exception object to the catch block? Throwing your own exceptions signifies some design flaws in the project.
35. What’s a delegate? A delegate object encapsulates a reference to a method. In C++ they were referred to as function pointers.
36. What’s a multicast delegate? It’s a delegate that points to and eventually fires off several methods.
37. How’s the DLL Hell problem solved in .NET? Assembly versioning allows the application to specify not only the library it needs to run (which was available under Win32), but also the version of the assembly.
38. What are the ways to deploy an assembly? An MSI installer, a CAB archive, and XCOPY command.
39. What’s a satellite assembly? When you write a multilingual or multi-cultural application in .NET, and want to distribute the core application separately from the localized modules, the localized assemblies that modify the core application are called satellite assemblies.
40. What namespaces are necessary to create a localized application? System.Globalization, System.Resources.
41. What’s the difference between // comments, /* */ comments and /// comments? Single-line, multi-line and XML documentation comments.
42. How do you generate documentation from the C# file commented properly with a command-line compiler? Compile it with a /doc switch.
43. What’s the difference between and XML documentation tag? Single line code example and multiple-line code example.
44. Is XML case-sensitive? Yes, so and are different elements.
45. What debugging tools come with the .NET SDK? CorDBG – command-line debugger, and DbgCLR – graphic debugger. Visual Studio .NET uses the DbgCLR. To use CorDbg, you must compile the original C# file using the /debug switch.
46. What does the This window show in the debugger? It points to the object that’s pointed to by this reference. Object’s instance data is shown.
47. What does assert() do? In debug compilation, assert takes in a Boolean condition as a parameter, and shows the error dialog if the condition is false. The program proceeds without any interruption if the condition is true.
48. What’s the difference between the Debug class and Trace class? Documentation looks the same. Use Debug class for debug builds, use Trace class for both debug and release builds.
49. Why are there five tracing levels in System.Diagnostics.TraceSwitcher? The tracing dumps can be quite verbose and for some applications that are constantly running you run the risk of overloading the machine and the hard drive there. Five levels range from None to Verbose, allowing to fine-tune the tracing activities.
50. Where is the output of TextWriterTraceListener redirected? To the Console or a text file depending on the parameter passed to the constructor.
51. How do you debug an ASP.NET Web application? Attach the aspnet_wp.exe process to the DbgClr debugger.
52. What are three test cases you should go through in unit testing? Positive test cases (correct data, correct output), negative test cases (broken or missing data, proper handling), exception test cases (exceptions are thrown and caught properly).
53. Can you change the value of a variable while debugging a C# application? Yes, if you are debugging via Visual Studio.NET, just go to Immediate window.
54. Explain the three services model (three-tier application). Presentation (UI), business (logic and underlying code) and data (from storage or other sources).
55. What are advantages and disadvantages of Microsoft-provided data provider classes in ADO.NET? SQLServer.NET data provider is high-speed and robust, but requires SQL Server license purchased from Microsoft. OLE-DB.NET is universal for accessing other sources, like Oracle, DB2, Microsoft Access and Informix, but it’s a .NET layer on top of OLE layer, so not the fastest thing in the world. ODBC.NET is a deprecated layer provided for backward compatibility to ODBC engines.
56. What’s the role of the DataReader class in ADO.NET connections? It returns a read-only dataset from the data source when the command is executed.
57. What is the wildcard character in SQL? Let’s say you want to query database with LIKE for all employees whose name starts with La. The wildcard character is %, the proper query with LIKE would involve ‘La%’.
58. Explain ACID rule of thumb for transactions. Transaction must be Atomic (it is one unit of work and does not dependent on previous and following transactions), Consistent (data is either committed or roll back, no “in-between” case where something has been updated and something hasn’t), Isolated (no transaction sees the intermediate results of the current transaction), Durable (the values persist if the data had been committed even if the system crashes right after).
59. What connections does Microsoft SQL Server support? Windows Authentication (via Active Directory) and SQL Server authentication (via Microsoft SQL Server username and passwords).
60. Which one is trusted and which one is untrusted? Windows Authentication is trusted because the username and password are checked with the Active Directory, the SQL Server authentication is untrusted, since SQL Server is the only verifier participating in the transaction.
61. Why would you use untrusted verificaion? Web Services might use it, as well as non-Windows applications.
62. What does the parameter Initial Catalog define inside Connection String? The database name to connect to.
63. What’s the data provider name to connect to Access database? Microsoft.Access.
64. What does Dispose method do with the connection object? Deletes it from the memory.
65. What is a pre-requisite for connection pooling? Multiple processes must agree that they will share the same connection, where every parameter is the same, including the security settings.

ABAP / 4 INTERVIEW QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

1) What is SAP R/3?



Ans SAP R/3 refers to Systems Application and Product for data processing Real-time having a 3 tier architecture i.e. Presentation layer, Application layer and Database layer.



2) What are the programming standards followed?



3) What are the contents in technical specifications?



Ans There are five contents in Technical Settings: Data Class, Size Category, Buffering Permission, Buffering Type and Logging.



4) What is an instance?



Ans When you call a function module, an instance of its function group plus its data, is loaded into the memory area of the internal session. An ABAP program can load several instances by calling function modules from different function groups.



5) How to take care of performance in ABAP Development?



6) What is Function group? Difference between function group and function module?



Ans Function Groups act as containers for Function Modules that logically belong together.



Function Groups



1) These cannot be defined in a Function Module.



2) It cannot be called.



3) They are containers for Function Module.







Function Modules







1) These must be defined in a Function Group.



2) It can be called from any program.



3) They are not containers for Function Group.







7) What is the difference between 'Select single * ' and 'Select upto 1 rows'?



Ans ‘Select single *’ – The result of the selection should be a single entry. If it is not possible to identify a unique entry, the system uses the first line of the selection. For e.g.







DATA : ITAB TYPE ZREKHA_EMP.







SELECT SINGLE * FROM ZREKHA_EMP INTO ITAB



WHERE EMPNO = ‘00101’ AND DEPTNO = ‘0010’.







WRITE : / ITAB-EMPNO, ITAB-EMPNAME,ITAB-DEPTNO.







Select upto 1 rows -







8) What Function does data dictionary perform?



Ans Central information repository for application and system data. The ABAP Dictionary contains data definitions (metadata) that allow you to describe all of the data structures in the system (like tables, views, and data types) in one place. This eliminates redundancy.



9) Difference between domain and data element? What are aggregate object?



Ans Domain - Specifies the technical attributes of a data element - its data type, length, possible values, and appearance on the screen. Each data element has an underlying domain. A single domain can be the basis for several data elements. Domains are objects in the ABAP Dictionary.



Data Element - Describes the business function of a table field. Its technical attributes are based on a domain, and its business function is described by its field labels and documentation.



Aggregate Object – Views, Match Code and Lock objects are called aggregate objects because they are formed from several related table.



10) What is view? Different types of view. Explain?



Ans View - A view is a virtual table containing fields from one or more tables. A virtual table that does not contain any data, but instead provides an application-oriented view of one or more ABAP Dictionary tables.



Different Types of View:



1) Maintenance



2) Database – It is on more than two tables.



3) Projection – It is only on one table.



4) Help



11) Can u print decimals in type N? What is difference between float and packed data type?



Ans No, we cannot print decimals in type N because decimal places are not permitted with N



data type.



Float Data Type: It cannot be declared in Parameters.



Packed Number: It can be declared in Parameters. For e.g.



PARAMETERS : A(4) TYPE P DECIMALS 2,



B(4) TYPE P DECIMALS 2.



DATA : C(4) TYPE P DECIMALS 2.



C = A + B.



WRITE : / ‘THE SUM IS’ , C.







12) What is step-loop? Explain all the steps?



Ans A step loop is a repeated series of field-blocks in a screen. Each block can contain one or more fields, and can extend over more than one line on the screen.



Step loops as structures in a screen do not have individual names. The screen can contain more than one step-loop, but if so, you must program the LOOP...ENDLOOPs in the flow logic accordingly. The ordering of the LOOP...ENDLOOPs must exactly parallel the order of the step loops in the screen. The ordering tells the system which loop processing to apply to which loop. Step loops in a screen are ordered primarily by screen row, and secondarily by screen column.



Transaction TZ61 (development class SDWA) implements a step loop version of the table you saw in transaction TZ60.



Static and Dynamic Step Loops



Step loops fall into two classes: static and dynamic. Static step loops have a fixed size that cannot be changed at runtime. Dynamic step loops are variable in size. If the user re-sizes the window, the system automatically increases or decreases the number of step loop blocks displayed. In any given screen, you can define any number of static step loops, but only a single dynamic one.



You specify the class for a step loop in the Screen Painter. Each loop in a screen has the attributes Looptype (fixed=static, variable=dynamic) and Loopcount. If a loop is fixed, the Loopcount tells the number of loop-blocks displayed for the loop. This number can never change.



Programming with static and dynamic step loops is essentially the same. You can use both the LOOP and LOOP AT statements for both types.



Looping in a Step Loop



When you use LOOP AT with a step loop, the system automatically displays the step loop with vertical scroll bars. The scroll bars, and the updated (scrolled) table display, are managed by the system.



Use the following additional parameters if desired:



* FROM and TO

* CURSOR















13) What is the initial value and maximum length of all data type?



Ans







Data Type





Initial field length





Valid field length





Initial value





Meaning

Numeric types



I





4





4





0





Integer (whole number)



F





8





8





0





Floating point number



P





8





1 – 16





0





Packed number

Character types



C





1





1 – 65535





' … '





Text field (alphanumeric characters)



D





8





8





'00000000'





Date field (Format: YYYYMMDD)



N





1





1 – 65535





'0 … 0'





Numeric text field (numeric characters)



T





6





6





'000000'





Time field (format: HHMMSS)

Hexadecimal type



X





1





1 – 65535





X'0 … 0'





Hexadecimal field







14) What are the ways to find out the tables used in the program?



Ans



















15) Can you have two detail lists from the basic list at the same time?



If yes how and if no why?



Ans



















16) What are the different functions used in sap script? What are the parameters used in each Function?



Ans There are three different functions used in SAP Script:







1) OPEN_FORM



2) WRITE_FORM



3) CLOSE_FORM







Parameters in Each Function:







1) OPEN_FORM –



Exporting



Form



Language



2) WRITE_FORM –



Exporting



Element



Window



3) CLOSE_FORM



17) What is sequence of event triggered in report?



Ans There are 6 events in report:







1) Initialization



2) At Selection-Screen



3) Start-of-Selection



4) Get



5) Get Late



6) End-of-Selection



7) Top-of-Page



8) End-of-Page



9) At Line Selection



10) At User Command



11) At PF (nn)







18) What are standard layouts sets in the SAP Script?



Ans There are four standard layouts in the SAP Script:







1) Header



2) Logo



3) Main Window



4) Footer







19) What function module upload data from application server?



Ans



















20) What are the various types of selection screen event?



Ans SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF BLOCK ABC WITH FRAME TITLE T01.





SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF SCREEN 500 AS WINDOW.







CALL SELECTION-SCREEN 500 STARTING AT 10 10.





21) What do you know about a client?



Ans



















22) What are the system fields? Explain?



Ans The ABAP system fields are active in all ABAP programs. They are filled by the runtime environment, and you can query their values in a program to find out particular states of the system. Although they are variables, you should not assign your own values to them, since this may overwrite information that is important for the normal running of the program. However, there are some isolated cases in which you may need to overwrite a system variable. For example, by assigning a new value to the field SY-LSIND, you can control navigation within details lists.







23) What is SAP Script? What is the purpose of SAP Script? Difference between



SAP Script and Report?



Ans SAP Script – It is the integrated text management system of the SAP R/3 System. Two types – PC Editor & Line Editor.







Reports - It is the way to display data fetched from database table onto screen or directly output it to a printer. Two types – Classical and Interactive.







24) What is the use of occurs in internal table? Can u change occurs value in program?



Ans Use of Occurs - If you use the OCCURS parameter, the value of the INITIAL SIZE of the table is returned to the variable







Data : Begin of ITAB occurs 0,







End of ITAB.







Occurs or Initial Size – to specify the initial amount of memory that should be assigned to the table.







Yes, we can change the occurs value in program but output remains the same.







25) Difference between SY-TABIX and SY-INDEX? Where it is used?



Can u check SY-SUBRC after perform?



Ans SY-TABIX - Current line of an internal table. SY-TABIX is set by the statements below, but only for index tables. The field is either not set or is set to 0 for hashed tables.



* APPEND sets SY-TABIX to the index of the last line of the table, that is, it contains the overall number of entries in the table.



* COLLECT sets SY-TABIX to the index of the existing or inserted line in the table. If the table has the type HASHED TABLE, SY-TABIX is set to 0.



* LOOP AT sets SY-TABIX to the index of the current line at the beginning of each loop lass. At the end of the loop, SY-TABIX is reset to the value that it had before entering the loop. It is set to 0 if the table has the type HASHED TABLE.



* READ TABLE sets SY-TABIX to the index of the table line read. If you use a binary search, and the system does not find a line, SY-TABIX contains the total number of lines, or one more than the total number of lines. SY-INDEX is undefined if a linear search fails to return an entry.



* SEARCH FOR sets SY-TABIX to the index of the table line in which the search string is found.



SY_INDEX - In a DO or WHILE loop, SY-INDEX contains the number of loop passes including the current pass.















26) Difference between UPLOAD and WS_UPLOAD?



Ans UPLOAD - File transfer with dialog from presentation server file to internal table. Data which is available in a file on the presentation server is transferred in an internal table. ASCII & Binary files can be transferred.







WS_UPLOAD - To read data from the presentation server into an internal table without a user dialog, use the function module WS_UPLOAD. The most important parameters are listed below.





Parameters Function

CODEPAGE Only for upload under DOS: Value IBM

FILENAME Filename

FILETYPE File type







27) Why did u switch to SAP?



Ans







28) What is a Logical Database?



Ans Logical Databases are special ABAP programs that retrieve data and make it available to application programs.







Use of LDB – is used to read data from database tables by linking them to executable ABAP programs.







29) What are the events used for Logical Database?



Ans Two Events –







1) GET - This is the most important event for executable programs that use a logical database. It occurs when the logical database has read a line from the node and made it available to the program in the work area declared using the statement NODES . The depth to which the logical database is read is determined by the GET statements







2) PUT - The PUT statement directs the program flow according to the structure of



the logical database.







30) What is the difference between Get and Get Late?



Ans GET - After the logical database has read an entry from the node .







GET LATE - After all of the nodes of the logical database have been processed that are below in the database hierarchy.







31) What are the data types of Internal Tables?



Ans There are three types:







1) Line



2) Key



3) Table











32) What are the events used in ABAP in the order of execution?



Ans Events are:







1. INITIALIZATION



2. AT SELECTION-SCREEN



3. AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON



4. START-OF-SELECTION



5. TOP-OF-PAGE



6. TOP-OF-PAGE DURING LINE SELECTION



7. END-OF-PAGE



8. END-OF-SELECTION



9. AT USER-COMMAND



10. AT LINE-SELECTION



11. AT PF



12. GET



13. GET LATE.



14. AT User Command







33) What are Interactive Reports?



Ans An output list which displays just the basic details & allow user to interact, so that a new list is populated based on user-selection. With interactive list, the user can actively control data retrieval and display during the session.







34) What are the commands used for interactive reports?



Ans Top-of-Page during line-selection







35) What are the system fields u have worked with? Explain?



Ans I had worked with the following (30) system fields:







1) SY-DBSYS - Central Database



2) SY-HOST - Server



3) SY-OPSYS - Operating System



4) SY-SAPRL - SAP Release



5) SY-SYSID - System Name



6) SY-LANGU - User Logon Language



7) SY-MANDT - Client



8) SY-UNAME - Logon User Name



9) SY-DATLO - Local Date



10) SY-DATUM - Server Date



11) SY-TIMLO - Local Time



12) SY-UZEIT - Server Time



13) SY-DYNNR - Screen Number



14) SY-REPID - Current ABAP program



15) SY-TCODE - Transaction Code



16) SY-ULINE - Horizontal Line



17) SY-VLINE - Vertical Line



18) SY-INDEX - Number of current loop Pass



19) SY-TABIX - Current line of internal table



20) SY-DBCNT - Number of table entries processed



21) SY-SUBRC - Return Code



22) SY-UCOMM - Function Code



23) SY-LINCT - Page Length of list



24) SY-LINNO - Current Line



25) SY-PAGNO - Current Page Number



26) SY-LSIND - Index of List



27) SY-MSGID - Message Class



28) SY-MSGNO - Message Number



29) SY-MSGTY - Message Type



30) SY-SPONO - Spool number during printing







36) What is the difference between Primary key and Unique Key?



Ans Primary Key – It can accepts 0 value and cannot be NULL.



Unique Key – It can be NULL.







37) What is the transaction code for Table maintenance?



Ans SM30







38) If u are using Logical Databases how will u modify the selection-screen elements?



Ans Select-options : dname for deptt-dname.







39) What is an RFC?



Ans Remote Function Call











40) If u are using RFC and passing values to a remote system how does it work?



Ans







41) What are the events in Screen Programming?



Ans There are two events in Screen Programming:







1. PBO (Process Before Output) – Before the screen is displayed, the PBO event is processed.

2. PAI (Process After Input) – When the user interacts with the screen, the PAI event is processed.

3. POH (Process On Help) - are triggered when the user requests field help (F1). You can program the appropriate coding in the corresponding event blocks. At the end of processing, the system carries on processing the current screen.

4. POV (Process On Value) - are triggered when the user requests possible values help (F4). You can program the appropriate coding in the corresponding event blocks. At the end of processing, the system carries on processing the current screen.











42) What is the significance of HIDE?



Ans Its stores the click value and display the related record in the secondary list.







43) Where do u code the HIDE statement?



Ans In a LOOP statement







44) Types of BDC's?



Ans There are two types of BDC’s:







1) Transaction Method



2) Session Method







45) Advantages & Disadvantages of different types of BDC's?



Ans Transaction Method:







1) It is faster than session method.



2) While executing, it starts from starting.







Session Method:







1) It is slower than transaction method.



2) While executing, it does not start from starting.







46) What are the events used in Interactive Reports.



Ans There are three events of Interactive Reports:







I. At PF(nn)



II. At line-selection



III. At user-command







47) What is an RDBMS?



Ans RDBMS – Relational Database Management System. It helps to create relationship between two or more table.







48) What standards u use to follow while coding ABAP programs?



Ans















49) What will you code in START-OF-SELECTION & END-OF-SELECTON & why?



Ans START-OF-SELECTION







SELECT * FROM DEPTT INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF ITAB



WHERE DEPTNO IN DEPTNO.



APPEND ITAB.



ENDSELECT.







LOOP AT ITAB.



WRITE : / 10 ITAB-DEPTNO.



HIDE : ITAB-DEPTNO.



ENDLOOP.







END-OF-SELECTION







50) What are joins and different types joins?



Ans There are four types of Joins:







1) Self Join



2) Inner Join



3) Outer Join



4) Equi Join







51) Which is the default join?



Ans















52) How do u display a data in a Detail List?



Ans By using two statements:







1) Top-of-page during line-selection



2) At line-selection







53) What are the types of windows in SAP Script?



Ans There are five Standard Layouts in SAP Script:







1) Page



2) Window



3) Page Window



4) Paragraph Format



5) Character Format







54) What are the function modules used in a SAP Script driver program?



Ans There are three functions used in SAP Script:







1) OPEN_FORM



2) WRITE_FORM



3) CLOSE_FORM











55) What are Extracts?



Ans Extracts are dynamic sequential datasets in which different lines can have different structures. We can access the individual records in an extract dataset using a LOOP.







56) How would u go about improving the performance of a Program, which selects data from MSEG & MKPF?



Ans



















57) How does System work in case of an Interactive Report?



Ans



















58) What is LUW?



Ans Logical Unit of Work



















59) Different types of LUWs. What r they?



Ans Two types of LUW are:







1) DB LUW - A database LUW is the mechanism used by the database to ensure that its data is always consistent. A database LUW is an inseparable sequence of database operations that ends with a database commit. The database LUW is either fully executed by the database system or not at all. Once a database LUW has been successfully executed, the database will be in a consistent state. If an error occurs within a database LUW, all of the database changes since the beginning of the database LUW are reversed. This leaves the database in the state it had before the transaction started.



2) SAP LUW - A logical unit consisting of dialog steps, whose changes are written to the database in a single database LUW is called an SAP LUW. Unlike a database LUW, an SAP LUW can span several dialog steps, and be executed using a series of different work processes.







60) What is First event triggered in program?



Ans



















61) What are various Joins? What is right outer join?



Ans















62) How do u find out whether a file exits on the presentation server?



Ans eps_get_directory_listing for directory















63) Systems fields used for Interactive Lists AND Lists



Ans Interactive System Fields: SY-LSIND, SY-CPAGE, SY-LILLI, SY-LISEL, SY-LISTI,



SY-LSTAT, SY-STACO, SY-STARO







Lists: SY-COLNO, SY-LINCT, SY-LINNO, SY-LINSZ, SY-PAGNO,



SY-TVAR0…..SY-TVAR9, SY-WTITL







64) Logo in SAP Script?



Ans RSTXLDMC OR







Steps for making and inserting Logo in SAP Script:







First Procedure:







1) Draw the picture



2) Save it



3) /nSE78



4) Write name & Choose Color



5) Click on Import



6) Browse picture



7) Enter







Second Procedure







1) /nSE71



2) Insert



3) Graphics



4) Click on stored on document server



5) Execute



6) Choose name of BMAP







65) What are the difference between call screen and leave screen?



Ans Call Screen: Calling a single screen is a special case of embedding a screen sequence. If you want to prevent the called screen from covering the current screen completely, you can use the CALL SCREEN statement with the STARTING AT and ENDING AT







CALL SCREEN 1000.







CALL SCREEN 1000 STARTING AT 10 10 ENDING AT 20 20.







LEAVE SCREEN statement ends the current screen and calls the subsequent screen.



LEAVE SCREEN.



LEAVE TO SCREEN 2000.



66) If internal table used in for all entries in empty then what happens



Ans No, records will be displayed.







67) If I forgot some command in SAP Script e.g.: suppress zero display - How to do find it?



Ans Suppressing of entire screens is possible with this command. This command allows us to perform screen processing “in the background”. Suppressing screens is useful when we are branching to list-mode from a transaction dialog step.







68) How to write a BDC - how do u go about it?



Ans Steps for writing BDC







1) /nSE38



2) Declare Tables, Data (for ITAB) and Data (for BDCITAB)



3) Call function ‘Upload’.



4) Write code for the First Screen, Radio Button, Filename, Change Button, Second Screen, Utilities (Create Entries), Third Screen and Save.



5) Call transaction ‘SE11’ using BDCITAB mode ‘A’.



6) Save, Check Errors, Activate and Execute.



















69) What is Performance tuning?



Ans



















70) Define Documentation.



Ans



















71) Brief about Testing of programs.



Ans



















72) How do u move on to the next screen in interactive reporting?



Ans Write code of the following:







1) Top-of-Page during line-selection



2) At line-selection







73) Create any functions? How to go about it?



Ans Steps for creating the Functions:







First Procedure:







1) /nSE37



2) Goto



3) Function Group (FG)



4) Create Group



5) Name of FG (ZREKHA_FG)



6) Short Text



7) Save



8) Local Object







Second Procedure







1) Environment



2) Inactive Object



3) Function Group (ZREKHA_FG)



4) Activate



5) Back







Third Procedure







1) Name of Function Module (ZREKHA_FM)



2) Create



3) Write FG Name (ZREKHA_FG)



4) Short Text



5) Save







Fourth Step:







Call function ‘ZREKHA_FM’.







74) Advanced topics?



Ans



















75) Function modules used in F4 help.



Ans There are two types of function modules used in F4 help:







1) F4IF_FIELD_VALUE_REQUEST



2) F4IF_INT_TABLE_VALUE_REQUEST







76) Work most on which module: Name a few tables.



Ans Sales & Distribution Module







1) Sales Document: Item Data – VBAP



2) Sales Document: Partner – VBPA



3) Sales Document: Header Data – VBAK



4) Sales Document Flow – VBFA



5) Sales Document: Delivery Item Data - LIPS



6) Customer Master – KNA1



7) Material Data – MARA



8) Conditions (Transaction Data) - KONV







77) System Table used



Ans



1) Sales Document: Item Data – VBAP



2) Sales Document: Partner – VBPA



3) Sales Document: Header Data – VBAK



4) Sales Document Flow – VBFA



5) Sales Document: Delivery Item Data - LIPS



6) Customer Master – KNA1



7) Material Data – MARA



8) Conditions (Transaction Data) - KONV











78) From a table how do u find whether a material is used in another material BOM?



Ans



























79) What is read line?



Ans READ LINE and READ CURRENT LINE – These statements are used to read data from the lines of existing list levels. These statements are closely connected to the HIDE technique.







80) How u used logical database? How is data transferred to program? Corresponding statement in LDB.



Ans



















81) How do u suppress fields on selection screen generated by LDB?



Ans



















82) Can there be more than 1 main window in SAP Script?



Ans No, there cannot be more than 1 main window in SAP Script because in WRITE_FORM, it asks for the parameter Window that will create the problem.







WRITE_FORM –



Exporting



Element



Window







83) Global and local data in function modules.



Ans



















84) What are the differences between SAP memory and ABAP memory?



Ans ABAP Memory is a memory area in the internal session (roll area) of an ABAP program. Data within this area is retained within a sequence of program calls, allowing you to pass data between programs that call one another. It is also possible to pass data between sessions using SAP Memory.



SAP Memory is a memory area to which all sessions within a SAPgui have access. You can use SAP memory either to pass data from one program to another within a session (as with ABAP memory) or to pass data from one session to another.



85) What are differences between At selection-screen and At selection-screen output?



Ans AT SELECTION-SCREEN event is triggered in the PAI of the selection screen once the ABAP runtime environment has passed all of the input data from the selection screen to the ABAP program.



AT SELECTION-SCREEN OUTPUT - This event block allows you to modify the selection screen directly before it is displayed.



86) What are the events?



Ans



















87) What is get cursor field?



Ans GET CURSOR statement transfers the name of the screen element on which the cursor is positioned during a user action into the variable .



GET CURSOR FIELD [OFFSET ] [LINE ] [VALUE ] LENGTH ].



88) What is the inside concept in select-options?



Ans Select-options specify are displayed on the selection screen for the user to enter values.







Different Properties of Select-options:







1) Visible Length



2) Matchcode Object



3) Memory ID



4) Lowercase



5) Obligatory



6) No Display



7) Modify ID







89) What is the difference between occurs 1 and occurs 2?



Ans



















90) What is the difference between Free and Refresh?



Ans Free - You can use FREE to initialize an internal table and release its memory space without first using the REFRESH or CLEAR statement. Like REFRESH, FREE works on the table body, not on the table work area. After a FREE statement, you can address the internal table again. It still occupies the amount of memory required for its header (currently 256 bytes). When you refill the table, the system has to allocate new memory space to the lines.







Refresh - This always applies to the body of the table. As with the CLEAR statement, the memory used by the table before you initialized it remains allocated. To release the memory space, use the statement







91) What are elements?



Ans



















92) Can we have more than one selection-screen and how?



Ans Yes, we can have more than one selection screen.







Selection-screen begin of block honey with frame title text-101.



Select-options : deptno for zrekha_deptt-deptno.



Selection-screen end of block honey.







Selection-screen begin of block honey1 with frame title text-102.



Select-options : dname for zrekha_deptt-dname.



Selection-screen end of block honey1.







93) How to declare select-option as a parameter?



Ans SELECT-OPTIONS: specify are displayed on the selection screen for the user to enter values.







Parameters: dname like dept-dname.







Select-options: dname for dept-dname.







94) How can u write programmatically value help to a field without using search help and



match codes?



Ans By using two types of function modules to be called in SAP Script:







1) HELP_OBJECT_SHOW_FOR_FIELD



2) HELP_OBJECT_SHOW







95) What are the differences between SE01, SE09 and SE10?



Ans SE01 - Correction & Transport Organizer



SE09 - Workbench Organizer



SE10 - Customizing Organizer







96) How to set destination?



Ans



























97) What are the function module types?



Ans



















98) What are tables?



Ans Tables : ZREKHA_EMP.







It creates a structure – the table work area in a program for the database tables, views or structure ZREKHA_EMP. The table work area has the same name as the object for which we created it. ZREKHA_EMP must be declared in the ABAP dictionary. The name and sequence of fields in the table work area ZREKHA_EMP corresponds exactly to the sequence of fields in the database table, view definition in the ABAP dictionary.







99) What are client-dependant tables and independent tables?



Ans



















100) How to distinguish client-dependant tables from independent tables?



Ans



















101) What is the use of Table maintenance allowed?



Ans Mark the Table maintenance allowed flag if users with the corresponding authorization may change the data in the table using the Data Browser (Transaction SE16). If the data in the table should only be maintained with programs or with the table view maintenance transaction (Transaction SM30), you should not set the flag.







102) How to define Selection Screen?



Ans Parameters, Select-options & Selection-Screen







103) What are the check tables and value tables?



Ans Check Table: The ABAP Dictionary allows you to define relationships between tables using foreign keys . A dependent table is called a foreign key table, and the referenced table is called the check table. Each key field of the check table corresponds to a field in the foreign key table. These fields are called foreign key fields. One of the foreign key fields is designated as the check field for checking the validity of values. The key fields of the check table can serve as input help for the check field.



Value Table: Prior to Release 4.0, it was possible to use the value table of a domain to provide input help. This is no longer possible, primarily because unexpected results could occur if the value table had more than one key field. It was not possible to restrict the other key fields, which meant that the environment of the field was not considered, as is normal with check tables.



In cases where this kind of value help was appropriate, you can reconstruct it by creating a search help for the data elements that use the domain in question, and using the value table as the selection method.



Check table will be at field level checking.



Value table will be at domain level checking ex: scarr table is check table for carrid.



104) What is the difference between tables and structures?



Ans Tables:



1) Data is permanently stored in tables in the database.



2) Database tables are generated from them.



















Structure:



1) It contains data temporarily during program run-time.



2) No Database tables are generated from it.







105) How to declare one internal table without header line without using structures?



Ans No, we cannot declare internal table without header line and without structure because it gives error “ITAB cannot be a table, a reference, a string or contain any of these object”.







Code with Header without Structure







TABLES : ZREKHA_EMP.



DATA : ITAB LIKE ZREKHA_EMP OCCURS 0 WITH HEADER LINE.







SELECT * FROM ZREKHA_EMP INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF ITAB.



APPEND ITAB.



ENDSELECT.







LOOP AT ITAB.



WRITE : / ITAB-EMPNO, ITAB-EMPNAME,ITAB-DEPTNO.



ENDLOOP.







Code without Header with Structure







TABLES : ZREKHA_EMP.







DATA : BEGIN OF ITAB OCCURS 0,



EMPNO LIKE XREKHA_EMP-EMPNO,



EMPNAME LIKE XREKHA_EMP-EMPNAME,



DEPTNO LIKE XREKHA_EMP-DEPTNO,



END OF ITAB.







SELECT * FROM ZREKHA_EMP INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF ITAB.



APPEND ITAB.



ENDSELECT.







LOOP AT ITAB.



WRITE : / ITAB-EMPNO, ITAB-EMPNAME,ITAB-DEPTNO.



ENDLOOP.







106) What are lock objects?



Ans Reason for Setting Lock: Suppose a travel agent want to book a flight. The customer wants to fly to a particular city with a certain airline on a certain day. The booking must only be possible if there are still free places on the flight. To avoid the possibility of overbooking, the database entry corresponding to the flight must be locked against access from other transactions. This ensures that one user can find out the number of free places, make the booking, and change the number of free places without the data being changed in the meantime by another transaction.



The R/3 System synchronizes simultaneous access of several users to the same data records with a lock mechanism. When interactive transactions are programmed, locks are set and released by calling function modules (see Function Modules for Lock Requests). These function modules are automatically generated from the definition of lock objects in the ABAP Dictionary.



Two types of Lock: Shared and Exclusive







107) What are datasets? What are the different syntaxes?



Ans The sequential files (ON APPLICATION SERVER) are called datasets. They are used for file handling in SAP.







OPEN DATASET [DATASET NAME] FOR [OUTPUT / INPUT / APPENDING]



IN [BINARY / TEXT] MODE



AT POSITION [POSITION]



MESSAGE [FIELD]







READ DATASET [DATASET NAME] INTO [FIELD]







DELETE DATASET [DATASET NAME]







CLOSE DATASET [DATASET NAME]







TRANSFER [FIELD] TO [DATASET NAME]







108) What are the events we use in dialog programming and explain them?



Ans There are two events in Dialog Programming i.e. screen:







1. PBO (Process Before Output) – Before the screen is displayed, the PBO event is processed.

2. PAI (Process After Input) – When the user interacts with the screen, the PAI event is processed.

3. POH (Process On Help) - are triggered when the user requests field help (F1). You can program the appropriate coding in the corresponding event blocks. At the end of processing, the system carries on processing the current screen.

4. POV (Process On Value) - are triggered when the user requests possible values help (F4). You can program the appropriate coding in the corresponding event blocks. At the end of processing, the system carries on processing the current screen.











109) What is the difference between OPEN_FORM and CLOSE_FORM?



Ans OPEN_FORM – This module opens layout set printing. This function must be called up before we can work with other layout set function like WRITE_FORM.







WRITE_FORM – Output text element in form window. The specified element of the layout set window entered is output. The element must be defined in the layout set.







CLOSE_FORM – End layout set printing. Form printing started with OPEN_FORM is completed. Possible closing operations on the form last opened are carried out. Form printing must be completed by this function module. If this is not carried out, nothing is printed or displayed on the screen.











110) What are the page windows? How many main windows will be there in a page window?



Ans Page Window: In this window, we define the margins for left, width, upper and height for the layout of Header, Logo, Main, & Footer.















111) What are control events in a loop?



Ans Control level processing is allowed within a LOOP over an internal table. This means that we can divide sequences of entries into groups based on the contents of certain fields.



AT .



ENDAT.



You can react to the following control level changes:

Meaning

FIRST First line of the internal table

LAST Last line of the internal table

NEW Beginning of a group of lines with the same contents in the field and in the fields left of

END Of End of a group of lines with the same contents in the field and in the fields left of







112) How to debugg a script?



Ans Go to SE71, give layout set name, go to utilities select debugger mode on.







113) How many maximum sessions can be open in SAPgui?



Ans There are maximum 6 sessions open in SAPgui.







114) SAP Scripts and ABAP programs are client dependent or not? Why?



Ans







115) What are System Variable?



Ans System variables have been predefined by SAP. We can use these variables in formulas or, for example, to pass on certain pieces of information to a function module. How the function called by the function module behaves depends on the type of information passed on.



At present, we can use the following system variables:

System Variable Use Meaning

SY_MODE In function modules Current mode of the PI sheet

SY_TEST In function modules Status of the PI sheet (test or active)

SY_ROW In function modules Current table line

SY_VALUE or X Generally Refers to the immediately preceding input value







116) Is it compulsory to use all the events in Reports?



Ans



















117) What is the difference between sum and collect?



Ans Sum: You can only use this statement within a LOOP. If you use SUM in an AT - ENDAT block, the system calculates totals for the numeric fields of all lines in the current line group and writes them to the corresponding fields in the work area. If you use the SUM statement outside an AT - ENDAT block (single entry processing), the system calculates totals for the numeric fields of all lines of the internal table in each loop pass and writes them to the corresponding fields of the work area. It therefore only makes sense to use the SUM statement in AT...ENDAT blocks.



If the table contains a nested table, you cannot use the SUM statement. Neither can you use it if you are using a field symbol instead of a work area in the LOOP statement.



Collect:







118) What are session method and call transaction method and explain about them?



Ans Session method – Use the BDC_OPEN_GROUP to create a session. Once we have created a session, then we can insert the batch input data into it with BDC_INSERT. Use the BDC_INSERT to add a transaction to a batch input session. We specify the transaction that is to be started in the call to BDC_INSERT. We must provide a BDCDATA structure that contains all the data required to process the transaction completely. Use the BDC_CLOSE_GROUP to close a session after we have inserted all of our batch input data into it. Once a session is closed, it can be processed.







Call Transaction -



In this method, we use CALL TRANSACTION USING to run an SAP transaction. External data does not have to be deposited in a session for later processing. Instead, the entire batch input process takes place inline in our program.







119) If you have 10000 records in your file, which method you use in BDC?



Ans Call transaction is faster then session method. But usually we use session method in real time...because we can transfer large amount of data from internal table to database and if any errors in a session, then process will not complete until session get correct.







120) What are different modes of Call Transaction method and explain them?



Ans There are three modes of Call Transaction method:







1) A – Display All Screens



2) E – Display Errors



3) N – Background Processing



--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------









121) What is the typical structure of an ABAP program?



Ans HEADER, BODY, FOOTER.







122) What are field symbols and field groups? Have you used "component idx of structure" clause with field groups?



Ans Field Symbols – They are placeholder or symbolic names for the other fields. They do not physically reserve space for a field, but point to its contents. It can point to any data objects.







Field-symbols







Field Groups – Field groups does not reserve storage space but contains pointers to existing fields.







An extract dataset consists of a sequence of records. These records may have different structures. All records with the same structure form a record type. You must define each record type of an extract dataset as a field group, using the FIELD-GROUPS statement.







Field-groups







123) What should be the approach for writing a BDC program?



Ans STEP 1: CONVERTING THE LEGACY SYSTEM DATA TO A FLAT FILE



to internal table CALLED "CONVERSION".







STEP 2: TRANSFERING THE FLAT FILE INTO SAP SYSTEM CALLED



"SAP DATA TRANSFER".







STEP 3: DEPENDING UPON THE BDC TYPE







i) Call transaction (Write the program explicitly)



ii) Create sessions (sessions are created and processed. If success, data will transfer).







124) What is a batch input session?



Ans BATCH INPUT SESSION is an intermediate step between internal table and database table. Data along with the action is stored in session i.e. data for screen fields, to which screen it is passed, program name behind it, and how next screen is processed.







Create session – BDC_OPEN_GROUP



Insert batch input – BDC_INSERT



Close session – BDC_CLOSE_GROUP







125) What is the alternative to batch input session?



Ans Call Transaction Method & Call Dialog







126) A situation: An ABAP program creates a batch input session. We need to submit the



program and the batch session in background. How to do it?



Ans Go to SM36 and create background job by giving job name, job class and job steps



(JOB SCHEDULING)















127) What is the difference between a pool table and a transparent table and how they are



stored at the database level?



Ans Pool Table -







1) Many to One Relationship.



2) Table in the Dictionary has the different name, different number of fields, and the fields have the different name as in the R3 Table definition.



3) It can hold only pooled tables.







Transparent Table –



1) One to One relationship.



2) Table in the Dictionary has the same name, same number of fields, and the fields have the same name as in the R3 Table definition.



3) It can hold Application data.



128) What are the problems in processing batch input sessions? How is batch input process



different from processing on line?



Ans Two Problems: -







1) If the user forgets to opt for keep session then the session will be automatically removed from the session queue (log remains). However, if session is processed we may delete it manually.



2) If session processing fails, data will not be transferred to SAP database table.







129) Is Session Method, Asynchronous or Synchronous?



Ans Synchronous

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